Assessing Pharmacists' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Malaria Management in Sebha, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Although Libya has been certified malaria-free since 1973, the influx of imported cases poses a continuous threat of reintroduction. Pharmacists, as frontline healthcare providers, play a critical role in early detection and management. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of pharmacists regarding malaria treatment in Sebha, Libya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 pharmacists in Sebha from January to June 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, adverse effects, and practical scenarios. Results: The majority of pharmacists (56%) demonstrated poor overall knowledge, while 34% had moderate knowledge, and only 10% exhibited good knowledge. Knowledge was highest regarding epidemiology (60%) but significantly lower for standard treatment guidelines (40%) and adverse drug reactions (31%). Only 34% correctly identified Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Furthermore, significant gaps were observed in managing special populations, such as pregnant women. However, recent training was strongly associated with better knowledge (OR ≈ 5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There are substantial gaps in the knowledge and practices of pharmacists in Sebha regarding current malaria management guidelines. Implementing targeted, continuous educational programs and integrating pharmacists into national pharmacovigilance and surveillance systems are essential to maintain Libya's malaria-free status and ensure optimal patient care.