Journal of Scientific and Human Dimensions
The Journal of Scientific and Human Dimensions (JSHD) (ISSN: 3106-1702) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal published by Alqala Aljadida University in Libya. The journal's official website is: https://jshd.com.ly/index.php/jshd/en/index With a commitment to promoting and disseminating high-quality research, JSHD publishes four issues annually. The journal covers a wide range of disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, and applied sciences. Vision: To be a leading platform for scientific and humanistic research, fostering intellectual discourse and contributing to knowledge advancement. Mission: To provide a rigorous and efficient peer-review process for original research, reviews, and scholarly articles from diverse academic fields, ensuring accessibility and visibility for all published work. Objectives: To publish high-impact, original research. To support researchers by providing an open-access platform. To serve as a bridge between various scientific and humanistic disciplines. Contact Information: Email: jshd.publishing@gmail.com WhatsApp: +218927648287 Website: https://jshd.com.ly/index.php/jshd/en/index
The Incoherence of Orientalist Methodologies and Their Westernized Followers in the Study of the Qur’an and Its Sciences
This research presents a methodological critique of Western Orientalists’ approaches to the study of the Qur’an and its sciences. Although their methods vary in tools and techniques, they converge on a single objective: to cast doubt on Islamic belief, limit the spread of Islam, and weaken its authentic civilization and intellectual foundations. Some Orientalists attempted to portray Islam as fragmented into separate religions—such as the Islam of the Sufis, the Islam of the jurists, and political Islam—in an effort to dismantle the unity of creed and strip it of its spiritual and moral substance. Others sought to trace Islam back to external Jewish or Christian origins in order to argue that the Qur’an is of human authorship, leading to the formation of a distorted image of Islam in Western consciousness. The danger of these methodologies lies in their reliance on the so called “influence and borrowing” theory, which asserts that the Qur’anic text was influenced by earlier religious traditions, without adhering to scientific research standards or observing objectivity and intellectual neutrality.
Dr. Yousef Moussa Ali Abdullah Abu Aliqa
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of E-Commerce on Financial Management and Accounting Strategies In The Digital Age An Applied Study From The Perspective of Faculty Members at Wadi Al-Shati University and Higher Institutes
This study aimed to investigate the impact of e-commerce on financial and accounting management strategies in the digital era, focusing on faculty members at Wadi Al-Shatti University and Higher Institutes. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of academics and experts. The study found that digital transformation necessitates radical changes in financial control and auditing methods, enhancing decision-making efficiency through real-time data accuracy. However, results revealed significant technical and legislative challenges in the local environment hindering full digital integration. The study recommends updating academic curricula and developing information infrastructure to
The Impact of Human Resource Reengineering on Employee Performance Development at Al-Najm Al-Sati' University: A Field Study
This study aimed to analyze the qualitative and quantitative impact of applying human resources reengineering methodology on developing the job performance of employees at Bright Star University, within the context of contemporary organizational and technological variables. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, where a questionnaire was designed covering main axes represented in the human, organizational, and technological dimensions of reengineering, as well as the axis of job performance development with its multiple indicators. The tool was applied to a random sample of (30) employees and administrators at the university. Appropriate statistical methods were used, such as Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability, arithmetic means, and standard deviation. The results revealed a strong, statistically significant positive correlation at the level (0.01) between the application of human resources reengineering and the development of job performance, with a correlation coefficient of (0.823). The results also showed that the three dimensions of reengineering (human, organizational, technological) contribute positively and effectively to improving performance, while no statistically significant differences were found attributable to demographic variables (gender, age, educational qualification, experience). Based on these results, the study presented a set of strategic and procedural recommendations aimed at enhancing the reengineering process and consolidating its positive impact in the university environmen.
The Role of Student Teacher in Dealing with Injuries During the Physical Education Classes
The research aims to identify the role of the student teacher in dealing with sports injuries and to measure the level of knowledge among student teachers regarding first aid and the extent to which they adhere to preventive measures during physical education classes, as well as to identify the difficulties faced when dealing with injuries. The researchers used the descriptive method with a survey approach on a sample consisting of (26) female students from the College of Physical Education at Garmian University, out of a total research population of (31) students for the academic year 2025/2026. Data and information were collected through reviewing studies that addressed topics related to the role of the teacher in dealing with sports injuries. To achieve the research objectives and process the collected data, appropriate statistical methods were used. The results showed that the student teacher enjoys a good level of theoretical knowledge about sports injuries, but lacks comprehensive knowledge of first aid during the occurrence of injuries.
The Theological Introductions in Ibn Yunus al-Siqilli’s Book "Al-Jami' li-Masa'il al-Mudawwanah": A Study of the Methodology of Inference Regarding Divinity (Ilahiyyat)
This study explores the theological and creedal (Kalam) material embedded by the jurist Imam Abu Bakr ibn Yunus al-Siqilli within the conclusion of his jurisprudential encyclopedia, Al-Jami' li-Masa'il al-Mudawwana. The research problem focuses on identifying the features of the "demonstrative tendency" in a Maliki jurist renowned for his exceptional mastery of legal branches (Furu') and mathematics, and how he strategically employed rational and logical tools to establish the fundamentals of religion (Usul al-Din). The study adopts a comparative analytical approach to deconstruct these theological texts, tracing them back to their foundational origins in the early Ash'ari school. The research reached several fundamental results, most notably: that Ibn Yunus al-Siqilli presented a unique model of "epistemological integration" between Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Creed ('Aqida), establishing the "Theory of Knowledge" as a necessary threshold for theological inquiry. Furthermore, the study revealed al-Siqilli's clear methodological adherence to the school of Judge Abu Bakr al-Baqillani, particularly in formulating the "Cosmological Argument for Contingency" (Burhan al-Huduth) based on the concomitance of substances and accidents (Al-Jawahir wa al-A'rad), and his utilization of the "Argument from Wisdom/Design" (Ihkām) to prove Divine Attributes of Meaning (Sifat al-Ma'ani). The study concludes that including these topics at the end of the book serves as a "theological fortress," linking the certainty of fundamental principles to the validity of legal branches, thereby reinforcing the status of the Sicilian Maliki heritage as a primary tributary of early Ash'ari thought
Cosmological Argument for Contingency (Burhan al-Huduth)
Physics of Kalam (Substances and Accidents)
Supporting Smart Agriculture through Crop Health Monitoring Using Deep Learning Techniques (CNN)
This study develops an intelligent plant disease diagnosis system using deep learning and transfer learning techniques within the PyTorch framework. Models were trained on 21,481 images from the PlantVillage dataset, covering 19 crop categories including grapes, peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes. Experiments included a comparison between two convolutional neural network architectures, EfficientNet-B3 and MobileNetV3-Large, to evaluate performance in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. The results showed that the MobileNetV3-Large model achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 99.31%, fewer coefficients, and shorter training time, making it more suitable for mobile applications. The final model was integrated into a Flutter-based mobile application that provides instant plant disease diagnosis, treatment recommendations, preventative measures, and detailed disease information, making it an effective digital tool for supporting smart agriculture and enhancing agricultural productivity.
A Case Study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for a Case of Depression
This study demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral strategies in treating a case of severe depression. It is divided into two parts: the first part is the theoretical section, which includes concepts related to the case study, such as the definition of depression and the definition of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The second part comprises the practical application, presenting the methodological aspects, the case study, functional analysis, hypotheses, and treatment strategies (the outcome of the therapy sessions). The study concludes with a summary and conclusions.
The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Emotional Stability and Shooting Accuracy in Football Among Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences University of Ai- Jafara
The aim of this study was to identify the level of self-confidence and emotional stability in relation to shooting accuracy in football among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher employed the descriptive method using the survey approach. The study population consisted of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences during the academic year 2022–2023, totaling 35 students. A random sample of 16 students was selected, representing 45.7% of the study population. To collect data and information, and based on reviewing previous studies that addressed some mental abilities and their relationship to shooting accuracy in football, the researcher prepared a questionnaire and a shooting accuracy test in football to achieve the objectives of the study. Appropriate statistical treatments were used to analyze the collected data. The study concluded several results, the most important of which were: higher self-confidence is associated with increased shooting accuracy; higher emotional stability contributes to reducing skill errors; and there is an integrative relationship between psychological and skill-related variables in the.
Clinical Impact and Pathogenic Role of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Human Respiratory and Systemic Diseases
This study examined the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its antibiotic susceptibility among patients with respiratory and systemic infections at Tripoli Medical Center, Libya. A total of 50 clinical samples were collected and analyzed using routine laboratory methods. The results showed that 38 samples (76%) were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infection was more common in males than females, with the highest prevalence in the 41–60 years age group. Pneumonia was the most common clinical diagnosis, and sputum samples were the most frequently used specimens for bacterial isolation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high sensitivity to vancomycin, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, while increased resistance was observed against erythromycin and penicillin. In conclusion, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of respiratory and systemic infections. Proper laboratory diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic use, and vaccination are essential to reduce disease burden and antibiotic resistance.
The Quality of Academic Supervision and its Role in Improving Scientific Research Outputs in Libyan Universities: An Analysis within the Framework of Academic Governance
This study aims to examine the role of academic supervision quality in improving the output of scientific research in graduate programs at Libyan universities, given the growing need to enhance institutional competitiveness through improved research quality. The research problem stems from a practical and methodological gap in interpreting the relationship between supervision mechanisms and the quality of research outputs when subjected to the principles of academic governance, particularly in aspects related to statistical analysis, methodology, and scientific writing. Therefore, the study sought to analyze this relationship by employing the academic governance framework as a proposed explanatory framework. To achieve this objective, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting data using a questionnaire distributed to a simple random sample of 110 faculty members in accounting departments at Libyan universities, according to the Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software, employing descriptive and inferential methods, including correlation coefficients and regression analysis. The study concluded with several key findings, most notably: * A relatively high level of academic supervision quality exists in Libyan universities. * A statistically significant positive impact of supervision quality on improving scientific research outputs, particularly in the areas of analysis and interpretation. * The pivotal role of academic governance principles in enhancing the efficiency of supervisory practices and improving the quality of research output is confirmed. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: * Academic supervision practices should be governed by a unified and clearly defined academic governance framework. * Periodic scientific follow-up mechanisms should be activated to ensure that supervisory practices are consistent with international quality standards.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power Plants: A Comparative Analysis with Standalone Fossil and Solar Technologies
Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISMC) power plants represent a promising hybrid technology that combines concentrated solar power with natural gas-fired combined cycle systems to improve the economic viability and environmental performance of solar thermal electricity generation. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis comparing ISMC plants with standalone focused solar power (FSP) facilities and natural gas integrated combined cycle (NGIC) plants. A thermodynamic model was developed to simulate hourly operations of a 550 MW ISMC plant comprising a 500 MW NGIC plant and a 50 MW parabolic trough solar field across five representative U.S. locations with varying solar resources and ambient temperatures. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and cost of carbon dioxide reduction (CoD) were calculated under different natural gas price scenarios and financial assumptions. Results demonstrate that integrating a focused solar power field into a natural gas combined cycle decreases the LCOE of solar-generated electricity by 35-40% compared to standalone FSP plants, while providing superior dispatchability. At natural gas prices of $8.5/MMBtu, the ISMC achieves lower CO₂ reduction costs than standalone NGIC plants, with significant environmental benefits when considering carbon emissions. The analysis further reveals that capacity factors, solar resources, ambient temperature variations, and capital cost reductions substantially influence the economic competitiveness of ISMC technology. This work provides essential insights for energy planners considering solar integration in future power generation portfolios in regions with high solar potential.
Technique of Remote Sensing and its Importance in Monitoring Valley Floods in Libya
Floods are the most frequent and impactful weather-related disaster in terms of the number of people affected. Therefore, flood mitigation and rapid response are crucial to minimizing human losses. Remote sensing technologies have proven effective in analyzing and monitoring various natural disasters. Using tools such as satellites excellent for mapping the spatial distribution of disaster data over relatively short periods—resources provide accurate, frequent, and near-instantaneous data for vast areas anywhere in the world. Remote sensing can provide a wealth of information on floods and their prediction through various techniques, including image processing, rainfall data analysis, and flood mapping. Despite the increasing number of remote sensing applications, these technologies are underutilized in Libya for flood research and prediction. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature covering aspects of remote sensing applications for flood management, including flood detection, affected area identification, and damage assessment. The study encompassed both flood monitoring using satellite-derived rainfall data and flood monitoring based on changes in land cover as observed in satellite imagery
Family Support Patterns as Perceived by Shildren with Type 1 diabetes (A study on a Sample of the Age Group 7-11 Years)
The study aimed to identify the prevailing patterns of family support as perceived by children with Type 1 diabetes and to uncover the levels of strength and deficiency in these patterns. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach, where a questionnaire was applied to a sample of (97) boys and girls with diabetes in the age group (7-11 years) in cooperation with parents. The results showed that the emotional and material aspects are the most prominent in family support, as containment, listening, and the provision of medical and nutritional supplies represent the basic pillar of perceived support. The results also indicated a gap in families' understanding of the psychological emotions associated with blood sugar fluctuations, which weakens emotional containment in moments of anger and weakness. The informational aspect recorded a tangible deficiency, as the level of empowering the child with self-management skills—such as reading devices and understanding symbols—decreases compared to the strength of verbal and encouraging support. The study concluded that family support is based on parental care and protection and lacks the empowerment and independence strategies that must be granted to the child; the study recommends the necessity of designing training programs to develop the child's practical skills.".
Art Education and Its Role In Developing Creativity, Building The Learner's Personality, and Achieving Quality Education
This article aims to highlight the importance of visual arts and their educational role in the learning process by clarifying the concept of art education and the integrative relationship. Between art and education, it also addresses the objectives of art education in schools and its role in fostering creativity and innovative thinking among leavers as well as the role of the art teacher in guiding artistic experiences and developing creative abilities the article. Emphases the contribution of art education to building students personalities and developing their psychological social and aesthetic aspects, in addition it discusses the importance of assessment in art education as a tool for improving learning outcomes in light of modern education in achieving quality education through diversifying teaching methods and promoting holistic learning.
Assessing Pharmacists' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Malaria Management in Sebha, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Although Libya has been certified malaria-free since 1973, the influx of imported cases poses a continuous threat of reintroduction. Pharmacists, as frontline healthcare providers, play a critical role in early detection and management. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of pharmacists regarding malaria treatment in Sebha, Libya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 pharmacists in Sebha from January to June 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, adverse effects, and practical scenarios. Results: The majority of pharmacists (56%) demonstrated poor overall knowledge, while 34% had moderate knowledge, and only 10% exhibited good knowledge. Knowledge was highest regarding epidemiology (60%) but significantly lower for standard treatment guidelines (40%) and adverse drug reactions (31%). Only 34% correctly identified Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Furthermore, significant gaps were observed in managing special populations, such as pregnant women. However, recent training was strongly associated with better knowledge (OR ≈ 5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There are substantial gaps in the knowledge and practices of pharmacists in Sebha regarding current malaria management guidelines. Implementing targeted, continuous educational programs and integrating pharmacists into national pharmacovigilance and surveillance systems are essential to maintain Libya's malaria-free status and ensure optimal patient care.
Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy (ACT)
Technical and Organizational Challenges Affecting the Adoption of Electronic Banking Services by A gricultural Banks in Libya (Case study of the Agricultural Bank of Al Qubba)
The study aimed to identify the challenges affecting the adoption of electronic banking services in agricultural banks in Libya, with the Agricultural Bank of Quba taken as a case study. The study relied on a descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data for the study, distributed to all bank employees, totaling 13, during January 2026. The results showed that there are many obstacles hindering the implementation of electronic services in the bank. The most significant of these were the slowness of electronic systems, network connectivity issues, weak technical and professional training for employees, and low digital awareness among the bank’s clients. Additionally, clients preferred traditional direct dealings with bank employees. Rural areas also face specific challenges related to the necessary infrastructure required to provide and expand these services. The study recommended the necessity of developing the technical infrastructure of banks, providing the necessary training courses for employees, and promoting a culture of dealing with electronic services among clients by offering applications with simplified and easy-to-understand interfaces that suit the agricultural sector, alongside awareness campaigns regarding the use of applications and how to interact with them.
Role of the Prophecy on Macbeth’s Character
Macbeth is one of the most prominent tragedies written by William Shakespeare in 1606. The main character, Macbeth, is the tragic hero of the story. The play tells the tale of General Macbeth, a nobleman who knew through the prophecy that he would become a king, and he was seduced by the Witches, and his excessive ambition resulted in his downfall. This study aims to know how the prophecy plays the important role in shaping Macbeth’s character and analyze the impact of the prophecy in his psychological and moral development, drawing on the play’s text. The study used a qualitative research design to analyze the role of prophecy in changing Macbeth's character. The analysis showed that the Macbeth's believes of the Witches prophecy had a great effect on Macbeth character.
The Impact of Using Red Clay Bricks on Air Conditioning Efficiency in Buildings Located in Desert Regions: A Case Study of Ghat, Libya
Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the impact of using red bricks on the efficiency of air conditioning systems in buildings located in desert areas, with a case study in Ghat, Libya. Data were collected through a field survey involving 32 participants from the local population, alongside an analysis of climatic indicators for the summer of 2024. The research focused on the relationship between the type of building material (red bricks) and the cooling performance inside buildings, as well as user perceptions regarding the feasibility of using this material under harsh climatic conditions. The results revealed that a significant proportion of participants observed a relative improvement in the thermal performance of buildings constructed with red bricks, although awareness of the material's actual impact varied. The data also showed that split air conditioners are the most commonly used in the region and that electricity consumption during summer is generally high, indicating a need for more energy-efficient building solutions. The study concludes that there is a growing societal willingness to adopt traditional and sustainable building materials such as red bricks, provided that sufficient awareness and technical support are available. It recommends integrating such materials into desert building strategies and promoting awareness of their benefits at both individual and institutional levels
The Impact of PUBG Gaming on Cognitive, Psychological, and Academic Outcomes: A Multidimensional Empirical Study in Benghazi, Libya
This study provides a comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of the psychological, cognitive, behavioral, and academic impacts of prolonged engagement with Player Unknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG) within the socio-cultural context of Benghazi, Libya. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design (n = 200), the research integrates advanced statistical techniques, including Pearson correlation, independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression modeling, to examine the relationships between gameplay intensity, anxiety levels, executive function disruption, and academic performance. The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between daily gameplay duration and anxiety levels (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), alongside a strong negative association with academic performance (r = -0.52, p < 0.01). Regression results further confirm gameplay intensity as a robust predictor of both increased anxiety (β = 0.44) and decreased academic outcomes (β = -0.49), explaining approximately 41% of the variance (R² = 0.41). Moreover, children exhibited significantly higher levels of executive dysfunction, sleep disruption, and chronic procrastination compared to adults, indicating heightened neurodevelopmental vulnerability. The study introduces the concept of the “Digital Vacuum,” referring to the structural absence of physical recreational alternatives, which amplifies dependency on virtual environments. The findings are interpreted through established theoretical frameworks, including Time Displacement Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Neurocognitive Load Theory. The study concludes with strategic recommendations at both policy and educational levels, emphasizing the integration of digital hygiene programs and the development of alternative socio-recreational infrastructures.
Photovoltaic Cells: Principles of Operation and Performance Characteristics
Photovoltaic cells are among the most important technologies for converting solar energy into electricity, relying on the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials such as silicon. When sunlight strikes the cell, photons are absorbed, transferring their energy and releasing electrons, thereby generating an electric current. Cells are manufactured in several types: monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon, thin films (e.g., CdTe, CIGS), and emerging technologies (such as perovskite and multi-junction cells). Cell efficiency is measured by key performance parameters: open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η). These parameters are influenced by solar irradiance intensity, temperature, and material properties. Photovoltaic cells contribute to advancing renewable energy and reducing emissions, with ongoing research aimed at improving their efficiency and lowering costs
The Role of Transformational Leadership in Improving Organizational Performance within Service Organizations
This analytical study aimed to determine the critical role of Transformational Leadership in improving Organizational Performance within service institutions. The study utilized the Descriptive Analytical method via a Meta-Analysis approach, aggregating and analyzing the statistical findings of prominent prior literature and studies in the service sector. The results confirmed a strong, significant positive correlation between the practice of Transformational Leadership and overall Organizational Performance (r = 0.72), accounting for more than half of the variance in performance (R^2 = 0.518). Findings revealed that the dimensions focused on the human element, such as "Inspirational Motivation" and "Individualized Consideration," were the most frequently practiced and impactful in raising levels of job satisfaction and service quality. Conversely, results pointed to a weakness in applying the "Intellectual Stimulation" dimension, indicating a gap in innovation and critical thinking. The study recommends adopting Transformational Leadership as a strategic framework to ensure sustainable performance and competitive superiority in the service environment.
Political Sociology: Theoretical Frameworks, Sociological Determinants, and Their Impact on Contemporary Public Opinion
In light of the outlined objectives, this research seeks to provide a comprehensive study of political sociology as an independent branch of the social sciences, highlighting its distinctive characteristics and scope of application that set it apart from other disciplines. The study traces the historical evolution of the concept of political sociology, from its classical intellectual roots to modern theories that have contributed to shaping the analytical framework for political and social phenomena. It also focuses on the theoretical analysis of issues related to this field, including developments in functionalist understanding, conflict theories, and social movements. Furthermore, it examines the determinants of political sociology, encompassing social, cultural, economic, and political factors. The research aims to clarify the field's domain and its practical applications in analyzing political institutions, studying social mobility, and evaluating the dynamics of public opinion. Additionally, the study demonstrates the impact of political sociology in directing public opinion and understanding the socio-political processes associated with strategic decision-making within society. The study concludes with several findings, most notably that political sociology provides a profound understanding of the relationships between political institutions and social structures, linking them to economic and cultural forces. Collective identity and socio-economic transformations constitute essential factors in determining the form of social mobility and the level of participation in political processes. Moreover, protest and political inclinations can be explained by integrating class analysis with the study of cultural and political forces, illustrating the role of various social groups in shaping public opinion. Modern approaches have also shown that the digital space and social media platforms have become powerful tools in directing public opinion and social and political mobilization
The United Nations: Between the Requirements of Establishment and the Challenges of Humanitarian Intervention: A Descriptive and Analytical Study in Light of International Law
This study aims to examine the legal and political foundations of the United Nations, starting from its historical establishment following the failure of the League of Nations, up to its current role in maintaining international peace and security. The research focuses on the problematic issue of humanitarian intervention and the legal justifications for such actions under the UN Charter. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the UN's mechanisms, analyzing the impact of the veto power held by the five permanent members of the Security Council. The findings highlight a structural imbalance within the organization that often leads to selective intervention and partiality in international conflicts, suggesting a need for institutional reform to ensure justice and equality among member states.
The Story of the Flood Between the Book of Genesis and the Quran: A Comparative Analytical Reading and an Attempt at Understanding
This research presents a comparative study of the story of the Flood during the time of Prophet Noah (peace be upon him), examining the narratives found in the Torah and the Holy Qur'an. The study reveals that while both texts agree on the general framework of the story the corruption of the people, the selection of Noah, the building of the ark, and the occurrence of the flood they differ significantly in detail, style, and purpose. The Torah provides a detailed, material account of the event, specifying the dimensions of the ark and the duration of the flood, while using anthropomorphic expressions regarding the Divine (such as regret and sorrow) and describing the flood as a global, universal event. In contrast, the Holy Qur'an emphasizes the theological and moral dimensions, focusing on the lessons and wisdom to be drawn. The Qur’anic narrative purifies the conception of God from any imperfections and depicts the flood as a specific punishment directed at Noah’s disbelieving people. Furthermore, it highlights the dialogue of the prophetic mission and establishes that the bond of faith transcends blood relations (as seen in the story of Noah's son). The research concludes that the Qur’anic text acts as a "Guardian" (Muhaymin) over the Torah’s narrative, correcting its inconsistencies. It underscores that the Qur’an is primarily a book of guidance and moral education, whereas the Torah, in this context, functions more as a historical and legislative record..
Using Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Disabilites: Benefits, Risks, and Challenges
In recent years, there has been rapid development in the field of artificial intelligence, making it an effective tool in education, especially for individuals with special needs. These individuals face multiple challenges that require innovative solutions to improve their quality of life, with AI applications being prominent in enhancing personalized learning and interaction, while ensuring fairness and privacy. The study aims to explore the benefits, risks, and challenges associated with using artificial intelligence in education for people with special needs, and to identify its areas of application and fairness standards in its use. The researchers adopted a descriptive survey and analytical approach by reviewing previous studies, in addition to a questionnaire directed at teachers and parents, and analyzed the data using SPSS software. The results showed that artificial intelligence enhances the quality of education and provides opportunities for personalized learning, but it requires careful management of privacy risks and overreliance on technology. The study recommended applying fairness standards in designing and using AI systems, adopting smart educational applications that support the empowerment of individuals with special needs, and facilitating their integration into society.
Fruit Tree Farmers' Knowledge of Production and Marketing in the Al-Marj Plain Region of the Green Mountain - Libya
This study aimed to identify the knowledge levels and attitudes of fruit tree farmers in the Sahel Al-Marj region and determine the factors influencing them. The specific objectives were to: describe the characteristics of the respondents; determine their technical, marketing, and administrative knowledge levels; analyze the correlation between knowledge levels and independent variables (age, educational level, farm size, years of experience in agriculture, and types of fruit trees planted); identify the variables most responsible for the variance in knowledge levels (relative effect); and identify the production and marketing obstacles facing farmers in the region. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, conducted on a random sample of 95 farmers. Data were collected through structured personal interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire. The data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.26), utilizing frequencies, percentages, mean scores, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression analysis
The Role of Family Values and Parenting Styles in Shaping Adolescents' Attitudes Towards Distance Learning and Education
This study aimed to investigate the combined and distinct role of family values (traditional/modern) and parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive, democratic) in shaping (positive/negative) attitudes towards distance learning and education among adolescent children. The study employed a predictive correlational descriptive methodology and was applied to a sample of (400) male and female adolescents from high school students and their parents in Tripoli. The study used three scales: a Family Values Scale, a Parenting Styles Scale as perceived by the children, and an Attitudes Towards Distance Learning Scale. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that both modern family values and democratic parenting styles were positive and significant predictors of adopting positive attitudes towards distance education, while traditional values and authoritarian parenting predicted negative attitudes. Path analysis also indicated a partial mediating effect of parenting styles in the relationship between family values and children's attitudes. The study concludes that the family environment, represented by its value system and parenting practices, constitutes a critical factor in adolescents' acceptance or rejection of the distance education model, necessitating the design of awareness and intervention programs that consider the family background.
International Electronic Commerce and its Implications on Economic Relations and International Marketing
This research investigates the profound impact of international electronic commerce (e-commerce) on global economic relations and international marketing strategies. The study aims to analyze how digital transformation has reshaped traditional trade patterns, influenced strategic competition, and altered consumer behavior on a global scale. By synthesizing recent literature and analyzing the roles of digital banking and supply chain stability, the research explores the nexus between technological advancement and economic diplomacy. The methodology employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a diverse set of secondary data sources, including peer-reviewed journals and institutional reports. Key findings indicate that e-commerce acts as a catalyst for economic diversification, particularly in emerging markets, while simultaneously creating new challenges for internal control systems and strategic decision-making. The study highlights that the stability of global supply chains, influenced by strategic competition between major powers like the US and China, remains a critical variable in the sustainability of digital trade. Furthermore, international marketing has shifted from traditional transactional models to data-driven, relationship-based strategies. The research concludes that for nations to capitalize on e-commerce, they must prioritize digital infrastructure, enhance good governance of public resources, and adopt agile export marketing strategies. These elements are essential for fostering political and economic stability, which in turn facilitates sustainable national development in the digital era.
External Marketing and its Importance in Developing International Economic Relations for Oil-Exporting Countries
This research paper investigates the pivotal role of external marketing strategies in bolstering the international economic relations of oil-exporting countries. While these nations have historically relied on the inherent value of crude oil, the shifting global energy landscape characterized by the rise of renewables and fluctuating market demands necessitates a robust marketing approach to maintain competitive advantages and foster strategic partnerships. The study explores how external marketing, beyond mere promotion, functions as a multidimensional tool encompassing diplomatic economic branding, market diversification, and the strengthening of bilateral trade agreements. By analyzing the intersection of marketing principles and international political economy, the research identifies how oil-exporting states can leverage their primary resource to catalyze non-oil sector growth and enhance their global economic footprint. The methodology employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing case studies from major oil producers to evaluate the effectiveness of current marketing frameworks. Preliminary findings suggest that countries adopting sophisticated external marketing models experience more resilient economic ties and greater stability in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers to integrate marketing intelligence into their national economic visions, ensuring long-term sustainability in an increasingly volatile global market
Regional Mechanisms for Protecting Women's Rights: An Analytical Study of European, American, African, and Arab Conventions
This research examines the pivotal role of regional international organizations—namely European, American, African, and Arab entities—in establishing and safeguarding women's rights through specialized legal mechanisms and conventions. By adopting a multifaceted methodology that integrates historical tracking, descriptive analysis, and analytical evaluation, the study explores the foundations of regional protection and the guarantees provided to enhance women’s status while respecting cultural and social specificities. The paper details key instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, the African Charter, and the Arab Charter on Human Rights, alongside the judicial and semi-judicial roles of regional courts and commissions. Furthermore, it evaluates scientific efforts and institutional initiatives, such as those by the Arab Women Organization, aimed at aligning regional protections with global development and social peace, ultimately offering recommendations to strengthen legislative frameworks and promote a culture of gender equality.