Study on the Impact of Corrosion in Metallic Pipes on Drinking Water Quality

Abstract

The internal corrosion of metallic pipes in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) represents one of the most pressing challenges to public health and water infrastructure sustainability worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, influencing factors, and water quality implications of pipe corrosion in metallic drinking water pipelines. The electrochemical and microbiologically influenced corrosion processes are examined, alongside the critical water quality parameters including pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chloride, and sulfate concentrations that govern corrosion kinetics and corrosion scale formation. The impact of corrosion on drinking water quality is systematically analyzed through physicochemical degradation pathways, including heavy metal leaching (lead, copper, iron, nickel), discoloration phenomena, turbidity elevation, and microbial proliferation within corrosion scales and biofilms. Health risk assessments reveal significant non‑carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with prolonged exposure to corrosion‑derived contaminants, particularly for vulnerable populations. Contemporary corrosion monitoring technologies, including ultrasound‑based assessment coupled with convolutional neural networks, and corrosion control strategies encompassing pH/alkalinity adjustment, phosphate‑based corrosion inhibitors, and protective lining systems—are critically evaluated. Emerging research directions, including machine learning applications for corrosion prediction and material‑specific microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanisms, are discussed. This review provides guidance for water utilities and researchers in developing effective corrosion management strategies to ensure drinking water safety and infrastructure resilience.