Spatial Distribution, Geological Controls, and Sustainable Exploration Framework for Copper Mineralization in Libya: A GIS-Based Preliminary Assessment

Abstract

Although Libya has several geodynamic settings favorable for copper mineralization, its metal endowment potential has been less studied than its hydrocarbon resources. This study provides a basis for future copper mineral exploration studies and performs an initial analysis of potential areas for copper mineralization using a GIS-based approach. A geographic information system was constructed using digitalized topographic data, structural data, mineral occurrence data, and geological data. For the identification of prospective areas with high, moderate, and low exploration potential, a set of geological units was selected, large sedimentary basins were isolated, and Precambrian basement rocks were identified. Moreover, an inventory of volcanic rocks, fractures, and copper mineralization occurrences was performed. The results of the analysis demonstrated that northwest Libya (Ghadames–Nalut) and Kufra Basin have a moderate potential for exploration. Copper mineralization in Libya is mainly concentrated in the areas of the SW and SC, including the Precambrian basement rocks, Tibesti–Haruj, and the Murzuq Basin. Thus, these promising areas are associated with the tectonic structures and cover only partly by sedimentary rocks. In central and northern Libya, copper occurrences are rarely found, which may be due to both a lack of interest in their exploration and their actual scarcity. The report provides a conceptual framework for geological and environmental research in the context of sustainable development, recognizing community life, economic impact, governance, innovation, and ecological integrity. The study aims to provide a regional overview of copper exploration in Libya to support future geological, geochemical, geophysical, remote sensing, and exploratory drilling activities. Sustainable copper exploration and development in Libya will help the country achieve economic sustainability by 2040